Menene Satellite?
Mafi yawa mutane idan suka ji an ce satellite, sai su dauka cewa ana nufin bahon satellite wanda ake sawa a gidaje domin kama tashoshin talabijin da radio na kasashen cikin gida da na ketare. Satellite da ake sawa a gidaje domin kallon tashoshin talabijin ana kiran shi Ground satellite, wato satellite dake kan doron kasa. Ground satellite yana karban sakonnin sadarwa kai tsaye daga asalin satellite wanda yake can cikin sararin samaniya yana aiki, sannan yatura sakon zuwa na'urar receiver da aka jona ta tare da talabijin.
Misalin satellite shine Wata, wannan duniyar da muke ciki wato Earth kenan a turance, idan dare yayi zamuga Wata yafuto yana haska cikin ta. To Watan da yake haska wannan duniyar shine satellite na duniyar da muke ciki. Kuma yana da matukar amfani ga tsirrai da sauran halittu.
Saboda cigaban kimiya da fasaha da duniya ta samu yau akwai satellite masu yawa wanda dan Adam yakera domin amfanin shi na yau da kullum. Wadannan satellite din da dan Adam yakera, suna nan cikin sarari suna ta aikin kawo bayanai da kuma isar da sadarwa daga nan zuwa can.
Duk kasa da ta samu cigaba a fannin kimiyya da fasaha zaka samu ta kera satellite nata na kanta, sannan ta harba shi cikin sarari domin amfanin ta da mutanen cikin ta. Satellite dai kala biyu ne, akwai wanda Allah Madaukaki ne yayi shi, sannan akwai na'ura da dan Adam ya kera a matsayin satellite.
Ire iren satellite:
Iren iren satellite guda biyu ne kaman yanda muka fada a sama, kuma ga su nan kaman haka:
1. Natural Satellite
2. Artificial Satellite
1. Natural Satellite
Natural Satellite daga jin sunan wannan satellite din watakila ba sai anyi maka dogo bayani akan wane satellite bane da kuma amfanin sa. Natural satellite shine wanda Allah yayi sa kuma yake kewaye wata duniya, duniyan nan wato Earth akwai satellite wanda yake kewaye ta shine Wata. Wannan Watan mu kan yi amfani da tafiyar sa wajen gano lokaci da lissafin kwanaki da shekaru.
Wata da muke gani da dare a sama yana bamu haske - shima yana reflecting na hasken Rana ne zuwa wajen mu. Wato idan hasken rana ya sauka akan Watan, shine sai Watan yake juyo da hasken zuwa duniyar nan, kaman yanda idan ka haska madubi yake dawo da hasken zuwa baya ko gefe. Ko wace duniya akwai adadin satellite da suke kewaye ta wadanda suma natural ne.
Tsakanin duniyan nan da Wata akwai nisan kilomita dubu dari uku da tamanin da hudu da dari hudu (384400km), ko kuma mile dubu dari biyu da talatin da takwas da dari tara (238900miles).
2. Artificial Satellite
Artificial ko muce Man-made satellite, wato satellite wanda dan Adam ya kera, ko kuma muce tauraron dan Adam a takaice. Wadannan nau'i na satellite suna da yawa kuma suna nan kala daban daban. Wadanda manyan kasashen duniya ne suka kera su, sannan suka harbasu cikin sararin samaniya domin bincike da kuma sadarwa.
Man-made satellite suna da yawa a cikin sarari. Akalla akwai satellite kusan dubu hudu da dari tara a cikin sararin samaniya. Amma a cikin su guda dubu daya da dari takwas ne suke aiki kaman yanda aka baiyana a watan disamba na shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas (12-Dec-2018). Man-made satellite an rabasu gida uku, wato da LEO, da MEO, sai kuma GEO.
LEO yana nufin Low Earth Orbit. Wato satellite din da suke kasa kasa kenan. Duk satellite din da ake samun su daga kilomita dari da sittin zuwa dubu biyu (160 - 2000km) su ake cewa LEO - sannan kuma irin wadannan satellite din suna zagaye duniya gaba daya a cikin sa'a daya da rabi (1.5hrs). Kaman satellite na farko wato Sputnik 1 satellite shima yana Low Earth Orbit, saboda yana sama a nisan kilomita dari takwas (800km). Hakama tashar binciken sarari ta kasa da kasa dake can sama wato International Space Station tana LEO. Saboda tana sama tsakanin ta da doron kasa nisan kilomita dari hudu (400km).
Sauran satellite din da ake amfani dasu wajen sadarwa da binciken yanayin duniya suma ana samun su a LEO.
MEO kuma yana nufin Medium Earth Orbit. Wato su kuma su na matsakaicin nisa kenan. Duk satellite din da ake samun su daga nisan kilomita dubu biyu zuwa dubu talatin da biyar da dari bakwai (2000 - 35, 700km) su ake cewa MEO satellite. Ana samun GPS satellite a Medium Earth Orbit, saboda su na sama a nisan kilomita dubu ashirin (20,000km) tsakanin su da doron kasa.
Sai kuma GEO wato Geosynchronous Earth Orbit. Wadannan su kuma ana samun su a nisan kilomita dubu talatin da biyar da dari bakwai da tamanin shida (35, 786km). Amma a takaice ana cewa su na nisan kilomita dubu talatin da shida (36, 000km). Wadannan satellite din saurin su daya da duniya, shiyasa ma ake ce musu Geostationary satellite. Domin idan da mutum zai iya hango su zai ce a waje daya suke basa motsawa. Saboda tare suke motsawa da duniya.
Man-made satellite suna aiki ne wajen tafiyar da sakon sadarwa ta hanyar Radiowaves. Sannan ana amfani da su wajen neman bayanai akan sarari da yanayi.
Man-made satellite suna amfani wajen daukan hoton doron kasa, da kuma gano 'yan ta'adda da maboyarsu a cikin gari ko daji. Haka kuma suna iya gano nisan waje ta hanyar taswirar doron kasa.
Man-made satellite ana amfani da su wajen neman kudi, da kuma tattara bayanan sirri, da nemo ma'adanan karkashin kasa.
Man-made satellite ana amfani da su domin nunawa bako hanya musamman a kasashen da su ka ci gaba ta hanyar na'urar GPS da wasu manhajoji na waya da computer.
Da natural satellite da artificial satellite din su na da matukar amfani ga dan Adam, a harkokin rayuwar sa ta yau da kullum. Sakkonin internet, da sms, da kiraye kirayen waya, da sadarwar radio da talabijin duk suna tafiya ne ta hanyar satellite.
Ba wadannan bane kadai amfanin satellite ba - akwai wasu amfanonin nasa da bamu sani ba shiyasa ba. Wadanda muka kawo su kadai muka sani shiyasa mukayi bayani akansu. Da fatan ana amfanuwa da abubuwan da muke rubutawa a shafin. Sannan kuma idan anga wani kuskure ana iya gyara mana a huta lafiya.📡
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