Menene Battery?

Waya, da computer, da babur, da mota, da jirgin sama, da fitila a zamanin yau idan babu battery to ba za suyi aiki ba. Domin battery shine abun da yake kunshe da sinadaran da suke samar da karfi ko kuzarin electric wanda wadannan abubuwan suke bukata, kafin mu yi amfani da su a harkokinmu na yau da kullum.

Battery yana nufin tattaro cell daya, ko sama da haka, wadanda aka hadasu a waje daya domin su samar da tafiyar electron a cikin kayan lantarki. Tafiyar electron shine yake haifar da samuwar karfi da kuzari wanda kayan lantarki suke bukata domin su yi aiki. Battery gaba dayansa ya kunshi bangarori guda uku. Bangaren farko shine anode a matsayin negative (-). Sai kuma bangaren na biyu shine cathode a matsayin positive (+). Sannan bangarena na uku kuma shine electrolyte, wato bangaren da sinadarai suke haduwa su haifar da samuwar positive da negative.

A shekarar 1780 dan Italy, kuma masanin kimiyyar Biology, da Physics mai suna Luigi Galvani, ya gwada wani aiki. A cikin wannan aiki da yayi ya dan yanki wani bangare na jikin kwado, sai ya saka karfen Brass a wajen. Sannan ya rike karfen Iron a hannunsa, sai ya taba kafar kwadon da karfen Iron din, inda nan take ya ji shokin kaman wutar NEPA, a yayin da kafar kwadon ta motsa.

Daga baya masanin kimiyya Alessandro Volta shima dan Italy, ya aminta da haka aikin da uwansa. Sannan ya baiyana cewa wannan pulses din banbancin karafunan da aka yi amfani da su ne a jikin kwadon ya kawo haka. Daga baya ya dauki tsumma ya saka a cikin ruwan gishiri (brine) sannan ya dauki wadancan karafunan ya sakasu a jikin tsumman maimakon jikin gawar kwadon, shima anan take ya samu wuta mai karfi kaman wanda take jikin kwadon. Daga baya kuma a 1791 Volta ya wallafa abun da ya gano a sakamakon bincikensa. Wanda ya jagoranceshi ya kirkiro battery na farko mai suna voltaic pile a shekarun 1800.

Bayan nan kuma dan burtaniya (British) masanin kimiyyar sinadarai mai suna John Frederic Daniell ya kirkiro wani cell wanda ake kira Daniel cell. Sannan Georges Leclanche a shekarar 1866, ya kirkiro battery wanda yayi amfani da Zinc a matsayin anode wato negative, da kuma Manganese dioxide a matsayin cathode wato positive, sai kuma Ammonium chloride domin yin electrolyte. Yayin da electrolyte yake faruwa a cikin Leclanche cell ba kaman a Daniel cell ba a hakanma dai yana matsayin liquid nd - amma kimiyyar sinadarai ta tabbatar da cewa hakan wani matakine mai matukar mahimmacin domin kirkiro busashshen cell wato Dry cell a turance. Leclanche cell shine battery wanda muke amfani dashi a jikin tocila da kuma redio wanda idan cajinsa ya kare yake dena aiki, wato ba a iya yi masa caji sai dai a jefar dashi a shara.

Battery mai caji kuma dan kasar France, kuma masanin kimiyyar physics mai suna Gaston Plante a shekarar 1859 ya kirkiro wani battery inda yayi aiki da wasu shimfidaddun karafunan lead guda biyu ya sakasu a cikin ruwan sinadarin Sulfuric acid. Sai ya jona musu wuta, sannan daga baya ya gano cewa wannan sinadarin Sulfuric acid din ya dauki caji daga wutar da aka jona masa ta hanyar wadannan karafunan lead din.

Daga baya kuma a 1881, Camille Alphonse Faure ya kara wasu abubuwan da suka habaka aikin Plante ta hanyar tsara sheet na lead zuwa plates. Wannan aikin da Camille Alphonse Faure ya yi, ya kawo saukakakkar hanya ko ace hanya mafi sauki da za ake kera battery. Battery wanda Camille Alphonse Faure ya kirkiro shine wanda ake kira Lead acid battery wanda yanzu yake da yawa, kuma shine a cikin motoci da mashina.

Leclanche cell da Daniell cell sune ake kira Primary cell, wato cell wadanda ba a iya yi musu caji. Sannan kuma an rabasu gida biyu akwai dry cell da kuma wet cell. Dry cell shine battery wanda zamu iya cewa busashshen cell, saboda yanda aka kerashi sinadaran da suke cikinsa maimakon a barsu ruwa ruwa (liquid) sai aka sarrafasu suka zamo busassu. Wet cell kuma shine wanda zaka sameshi ruwa ruwa. Shi kuma domin hadasa an sarrafa sinadaran cikin cell dinne domin su kasance a ruwa ruwa (liquid).

Secondary cell sune batura wadanda ake iya yi musu caji kaman batteryn mota lead acid battery, da batteryn waya Li-ion battery. Ko da yake su din ma akwai busassunsu kuma akwai danyu kaman batteryn mota.

Li-ion battery shine battery wanda aka kera da sinadarin Lithium wanda yanzu yana nan a ko ina kuma ana aiki dashi, hatta cikin mota mai aiki da wutar lantarki sune a cikinta, domin sunada kokari da kuma juriya, sannan kuma basayin zafi kaman sauran baturan.

Fasahar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen kera Lithium battery da ita ake aiki wajen kera baturan cikin Laptop, da wayoyin hannun, da Power bank, da tocila mai caji, da mota mai caji, da kuma mashin din hawa mai caji. Ina ga a shekarar nan 2019, Lithium-ion battery ne ya samu kyautar Novel a fagen fasaha.

Lithium-ion battery yana nan kanana kanana kuma samfuri daban daban kaman siffar cylinder, da rectangle. Lithium-ion battery kanana wadanda suke da siffar cylinder, ana samunsu a cikin batteryn Laptop, da Power bank, irinsu ne guda dari bakwai suke aiki a cikin motar zamani mai amfani da wutar lantarki.

Za mu tsaya anan da fatan ana amfanuwa da bayanan kimiyya da fasaha wadanda ake samu a shafin nan. Muna fatan za ku ci gaba da kasancewa da shafin nan domin bamu gwarin gwuiwa. Domin yin tambaya kuna iya ajiye comment naku a can kasa wajen comment.

Za mu baku amsa idan Allah yasa mun san amsar tambayar. Mun gode sai mun sake ganinku, a huta lafiya!